Course Objectives

The objective of the course is to develop a scientific temper and analytical capability in the engineering graduates through the learning of physical concepts and their application in engineering & technology. Comprehension of some basic physical concepts will enable graduates to think logically the engineering problems that would come across due to rapidly developing new technologies.

Course Outcomes

At the end of the course, the student will be able to

• Acquire knowledge about the Maxwell equation and Electromagnetic spectrum.
• Understand the working, properties and characterization techniques of semiconductor materials and devices.
• Appreciate the need for quantum mechanics, wave particle duality, uncertainty principle etc. and their applications.
• Understand the properties and synthesis of nanomaterials.
• Understand laser system, optical fibre in industries, laboratories and in communication.

Detailed Syllabus

PART A

1. Elements of crystallography

   Unit cell, Basis, Space lattice, Crystal Systems, Miller Indices of Planes and directions, bonding in solids, origin of bands in solids (Qualitative idea), Metals, semiconductors & insulators; Continuous & Characteristic X-Rays, X-Ray Diffraction & Bragg's law in Crystals, Bragg's spectrometer. (5)

2. Semiconductor materials

   Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, p-type, and n-type semiconductors; Fermi level in semiconductors; Current conduction in semiconductors, I-V characteristics of p-n junction diode, Some special p-n diodes: Zener diode, Tunnel diode, Photo diode, and Light emitting diode. (5)

3. Magnetic Materials & Superconductivity

   Basic ideas of Dia, Para, Ferro & Ferrimagnetic materials, Ferrites, Hysteresis loop, Magnetic Anisotropy, Superconductivity, Superconductors as ideal diamagnetic materials, Signatures of Superconducting state, Meissner Effect, Type I & Type II superconductors, London Equations. (5)

4. EM waves & Dielectrics

   Physical significance of Gradient, Divergence & Curl, Relationship between Electric Field & Potential, Dielectric polarization, Displacement current, Maxwell's Equations, electromagnetic wave propagation in free space and isotropic dielectric medium, Poynting vector, Electromagnetic Spectrum (Basic ideas of different region). (5)

PART B

1. Quantum Theory

   Need and origin of quantum concept, Wave particle duality, Matter waves, Group & Phase velocities; Wave function and Born interpretation; Uncertainty Principle; Schrodinger wave equations (time independent & dependent); Application to particle in a box. (5)

2. Lasers

   Concepts of laser, Spontaneous & Stimulated emissions, Einstein's Coefficients, Population Inversion, Pumping Mechanisms. Components of a laser System, Three & four level laser systems; Ruby, He -Ne, and semiconductor Lasers, Introduction to Holography. (5)

3. Fibre Optics

   Introduction, Acceptance Angle, Numerical Aperture, Normalized frequency, Modes of propagation, material dispersion & pulse broadening in optical fibres, fibre connectors, splices and couplers, Applications of optical fibres. (5)

4. Nanomaterials

   Nanoscale, Classifications of nanomaterials (3D, 2D, ID and OD), electron confinement, Nanocomposites, Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), Properties of nanomaterials, synthesis of nanomaterials, ball milling and sol-gel techniques, Basic characterization techniques for nanomaterials, Applications of nanomaterials. (5)

Suggested Readings/Books

1. Physics for Scientists & Engineers (Vol. I & II), Serway& Jewett, 6th Edition., Cengage Learning.
2. Engineering Physics, Malik; HK, Singh; AK, Tata McGraw Hill.
3. Materials Science & Engg., Raghvan V., Prentice Hall of India.
4. University Physics with Modern Physics, Young Hugh D. and Freedman Roger A., Pearson
5. Concepts of Modern Physics, Beiser; A., Mahajan; S., Choudhary; SR, Tata McGraw Hill.
6. Solid State Physics, Dan Wei, Cengage Learning.
7. Introduction to Solids., Azaroff LV, Tata Mc Graw Hill.
8. Introduction to Electrodynamics, Griffiths; DJ, Prentice Hall.
9. Lasers & Optical engineering, Dass; P, Narosa Publishers.
10. Optical Fibre system, Technology, Design & Applications, Kao; CK, McGraw Hill.
11. Laser Theory & Applications, Thygrajan; K, Ghatak; AK, Mc Millan India Ltd.

Physics Lab (BTPH102-23)